ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of three levels of cull pinto beans (CPB) on animal performance, energy balance, and digestibility of hair ewes during pregnancy-lactation. One hundred and sixty-eight Pelibuey ewes were used (105 multiparous and 63 primiparous). Seven ewes of each type were randomly assigned to each of the 24 pens. Then, the twenty-four pens were randomly assigned to one of three treatments. Treatments were assigned on DM basis at: 0 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement; 250 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement; and 500 g kg−1 of CPB in the supplement. Data was analyzed by using the PROC MIXED of SAS. Lamb birth and weaning weight were also evaluated with the GLM procedure of SAS. All variables were analyzed as a completely randomized design. No differences among treatments were observed for body weight, body condition score, non-esterified fatty acids, and body weaning weight. During late pregnancy, dry matter intake was different among treatments, but it was similar during lactation. Body birth weight was different among treatments and showed a quadratic effect. At day 30 of lactation, a treatment effect was found for digestibility of dry matter (DM). At the end of lactation, digestibility of crude protein was different among treatments. In day 60 of lactation, differences among treatments were found for digestibility of neutral detergent fiber. Due to equal ewe performance among treatments of CPB and its low cost, its use is recommended in hair ewe feeding for these productive stages: 500 g kg−1 DM of the supplement during pregnancy and 400 g kg−1 DM during lactation.

Este artículo estima el grado y naturaleza de las imperfecciones en los mercados de madera del Pacifico Sur colombiano. Los mercados son descritos bajo el paradigma de la organización industrial (estructura/conducta/desempeño). El artículo también incluye un modelo econométrico que estima el grado de la imperfección. Las estructuras de los mercados indicaron altos niveles de concentración de los vendedores. Estos niveles de concentración son el resultado de la presencia de barreras para entrar en el mercado, las cuales son asociadas con falta de acceso a información y capital, deficiencias en el sistema bancario, integración vertical de los participantes, disponibilidad de transporte, y algunas restricciones institucionales. Las imperfecciones de los mercados de maderas crean desigualdades en la distribución del ingreso, desempleo, y pobreza regional. Como consecuencia la contribución de la industria maderera en el progreso socioeconómico es limitada y produce impactos negativos en la conservación de los ecosistemas forestales.

This paper estimates the degree and nature of imperfections in the timber markets for the South Pacific Region of Colombia. These markets are described under the structure/conduct/performance paradigm. An econometric analysis was undertaken to estimate the degree of the imperfection. Market structures indicate high levels of seller concentration. These are the result of barriers to entry associated with: knowledge and capital requirements; deficiencies in the banking system; vertical integration of participants; available transportation; and other institutional constraints. These imperfections create inequalities in the distribution of income, unemployment and regional poverty. As a consequence the timber industry's contribution to socioeconomic progress is limited and produces a negative impact on the conservation of forest ecosystems.

Cet article estime le degré et la nature des imperfections sur les marchés du bois du Pacifique Sud Colombien. Les marchés sont décrits sous le paradigme de l'organisation industrielle (structure/conduite/dégagement). L'article inclut aussi un modèle économétrique qui estime le degré de l'imperfection. Les structures des marchés ont indiqué des hauts niveaux de concentration des vendeurs. Ces niveaux de concentration sont le résultat de la présence de barrières pour entrer dans le marché, associées à un manque d'accès à l'information et au capitale, aux défauts dans le système bancaire, l'intégration verticale des participants, la disponibilité de transport, et quelques restrictions institutionnelles. Les imperfections des marchés du bois créent des inégalités concernant la distribution de l'entrée, le chômage, et la pauvreté régionale. Comme une conséquence, la contribution de l'industrie du bois au progrès socio-économique est limitée et elle produit des impacts négatifs dans la conservation des écosystèmes forestiers.